The Effect of Heat and Growth on the Survival of Bacteria free essay sample

Aims The purpose of the two experiments was to determine the fundamental effects that temperature has on the growth and survival of bacteria. During the first experiment five different bacterial broth cultures of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus stearothermophilus were individually incubated at temperatures of 5, 25, 37, 45 and 55Â °C for one week in an aim to distinguish the effect temperature has on growth and survival of the five different species. After one week they were observed for distinguishable changes by the turbidity showing an indication of bacterial growth, or the clarity an indication of no survival. The second part of the experiment was to examine the effect temperature had on the survival ability of the five bacteria mentioned above. One of the five bacterial species were allocated per work bench for individuals to create broth culture with and expose to temperatures of 40, 60, 80 and 100Â °C for 2, 5, 30 and 90 minutes.

Food Essays

Food Essays Food Essay Food Essay Name: Instructor: Course: Date: : I would recommend that the staff ray to arrange this as often as possible to ensure that Iris Is still Involved with socializing. Also, they need to remind people of the conditions she has to reduce the effect of her nutritional health and well-being. Social policy accurately This can be done by making sure that iris is encouraged and involved in any activities that take place in the home. However, it is also recommended that she spends time outside of the home so that she still knows that her family and friends exist and has a sense of the community. This will reduce iris feeling alone and will boost her self- confidence and self-esteem. Iris is Jewish and has a special diet called a kosher diet. If the staff in the home dont have any knowledge on a kosher diet then they could research this on the internet to see what foods is part of this. I would recommend to have regular conversations with iris to find out more about the kosher diet and make sure that she is eating food she enjoys. It is important for the home to provide a kosher diet for iris so that she is still following her religion. Jake 1 . Jake is lactose intolerant so I would recommend that his parents try to avoid him eating foods such as chocolate, cheese and ice cream. His parents could also try to give the teachers at school some advice on his diagnosis to prevent him eating foods which are not suitable for him. This will help Sakes health as it will stop him from suffering from bad pains and diarrhea. 2. It is important that Sakes parents continue to take him for regular checks at the G. P to monitor his levels, as they are concerned that he may suffer from calcium deficiency. I would recommend that his parents try to keep an eye on Sakes diet and make sure that he is receiving enough foods that contain calcium. This can be difficult at times because of Sakes lactose intolerant, however they could ask for advice of his G. P to see what recommendations they could make to make sure Jake is receiving a healthy diet. 3. Sakes diet doesnt seem to be very healthy at the moment because he is having too many unhealthy snacks. His parents feel the need to give these snacks to Jake because he isnt always eating the foods he enjoys to eat. However, to try and eliminate the amount of unhealthy snacks Jake has, they could try and buy snacks that are healthier. Looking on the food packaging will help them choose snacks that are not as fatty or contain much sugar. I would also recommend that instead of giving him a packed lunch they could try him with school meals that they provide as they are usually healthy and the school Jake attends follow all the government regulations on school dinners. 4. Jakes parents need to try and eliminate the amount of snacks he eats at home as this could affect his health and diet in the future. As a family, they dont often sit down together and eat meals which mean that Jake doesnt necessarily have set mimes when he eats his meals. I would recommend that his parents try encouraging eats. 5. To reduce the risks of become overweight or obese in the future, I would suggest that Jakes parents encourage him to exercise regularly. They could discuss the importance of exercise with Jake so that he understands and continues to live a healthy lifestyle or I would recommend that he Joins some clubs that outside of school that involved sporting activities. It is recognizable that Jake likes to ride a bike so this partly shows that he likes to be active.

The Social Contract Theory of John Locke Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

The Social Contract Theory of John Locke - Essay Example ding, social contract hypothesis is rightly connected with advanced good and political hypothesis and is given its first full work and barrier by Thomas Hobbes. John Locke argued for the case that men are by nature free and equivalent against cases that God had made all individuals normally subject to a ruler. He contended that individuals have rights, for example, the privilege to life, freedom, and property that have an establishment autonomous of the laws of any specific culture. Locke utilized the case that men are normally free and equivalent as a major aspect of the support for comprehension true blue political government (Elahi, n.d.). It is due to the fact that the aftereffect of a social contract where individuals in the condition of nature restrictively exchange some of their rights to the administration so as to better guarantee the steady, agreeable delight in their lives, freedom, and property. Since governments exist by the assent of the individuals with a specific end goal to ensure the privileges of the individuals and advance the general population great, governments that neglect to do as such can be opposed and supplanted with new governments (Boucher & Kelly, 1994). Locke is hence additionally vital for his barrier of the privilege of unrest. Locke likewise protects the guideline of lions share standard and the division of administrative and official forces. In his Letter Concerning Toleration, the philosopher denied that pressure ought to be accustomed to convey individuals to (what the ruler accepts is) the genuine religion furthermore denied that chapels ought to have any coercive control over their individuals (Locke, 1963). Locke expounded on these subjects in his later political compositions, for example, the Second Letter on Toleration and Third Letter on Toleration. Essentially, the most focal idea in Lockes political reasoning is his hypothesis of regular law and characteristic rights (Boucher & Kelly, 1994). The normal law idea

Social Performance, Part 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Social Performance, Part 2 - Essay Example This ensures that the company operates within the given guidelines. It is noteworthy that these guidelines are set under the federal sentencing guidelines for organizations. Every company should observe these guidelines whilst undertaking its operations. The federal sentencing guidelines are a set of rules, which enforces standardized sentencing policy to individuals and organizations condemned of criminal offences. These rules were set in the United States federal court system (Davidson, 2005). These set rules and regulations are only applicable to serious crimes, and offences. In this regard, the less serious crimes are excluded from these regulations. The primary goal for these guidelines aims at alleviating sentencing inequalities rampant in the established sentencing system. The guidelines promote the development of effective programs by the company in an effort to prevent and identify law violation and set steps for facilitating the program. Companies, therefore, should have se t codes of conduct to be followed to avoid and minimize violation of laws. This will improve the reputation of the company. The code of conduct is a system of behavior followed for maintenance and promotion of company’s dignity and reputation. Romco Company has set codes of conducts, which should be adhered to by its stakeholders including executives, board of directors, directors, company secretary, staff, and other employees. Each company has its own set codes of conduct, the codes of conduct are unique for each company, and thus, there is no uniformity or standardized codes of company. The freedom accorded to these companies have contributed to problems in the way companies operates this is because some misuse it by setting codes for the sake of personal greed and interest. Romco’s competitors are examples of companies with codes of conduct, which do not put into consideration the interest of its customers and competitors. Angels, Ramal, and Queens Companies fall in the same industry with Romco. The codes of these three companies are, however, different and do not agree with those of Romco. The directors of these companies are superior as decision-making is centered. They do not consult other stakeholders as they have a final say, and thus, they make decisions based on their personal gains and interest without considering other employees. Honesty and transparency among the directors are not observed, and thus, the allocation of resources to different departments is not uniform, hence affecting operations of the company. These companies have constantly become the victims of the federal sentencing guidelines. This is because of their failure to complying with the basic laws, regulations, and rules. In addition, they have failed to establish the appropriate business ethics and code of conduct appropriate for corporate governance. Ramco, unlike its competitors, have set rules of conduct, which are adhered to, and strictly observed by the parties i nvolved in the company. The interests of various stakeholders that are significant for the growth and success of the company should be considered. Romco has managed to achieve this role. Decision making in the company is reached by involving all participants. In this case, the decisions do not lie in the hands of directors, and managers, the decision-making is decentralized. The directors of Ramco execute their duties with fairness, honesty, and transparency. They are required to perform their duties professionally, with determination and

Struggle and Survival in Colonial America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Struggle and Survival in Colonial America - Essay Example The harsh natural environment in which the native American Indians had lived upon at that time required them to band together for their ultimate survival. This communal basis of society in the native Americans had remained, while the settlers disintegrated. Their concept of a community hinged on common ownership of their lands and common membership in the sacred natural order (Sweet & Nash 18). On the other hand, the European concepts of private property (or termed as a private enterprise) and the individual exploitation of nature for one's own profits, did not allow for the collective modes of behavior observed in native American Indians. The settlers forced the natives to adapt to this lifestyle and forgo community living. The arrival of the first white settlers at the tidewaters of Virginia had divided a tribe of Indians termed collectively as Powhatans. The tribe at Virginia at that time were known as the Algonquian Indians the most famous of which is Pocahontas who had been immortalized in history and literature. Her tribe welcomed the new arrivals, as exemplified by her father but this generosity ushered the decline of their tribe, eventually. It weakened the formerly strong and politically stable Indian settlements of the Powhatan tribes such that they were displaced and marginalized to the point of near extinction (Fausz 21). Some natives tried to resist the Europeans but were soon defeated by the superiority of the white settlers weaponry. The Algonquians were not unanimous in their acceptance into their midst the new settlers like what Opechancanough did.     

Pakistan Economy Challenges and Prospects

Pakistan Economy Challenges and Prospects Geographically, Pakistan is an asian country situated in the south sharing borders with China and India who are considered to be one of the biggest markets in the world. Pakistan has an estimated population of 180 million. It sixth biggest country in the world in terms of population with the fifth biggest army in the world. It has an approximate area of 803,940 km2. The estimated GDP of Pakistan is $164 billion and contributes 19.6% to agriculture, 26.8% to industry and 53.7% to services. The countrys per capita income is around $1022. The countrys human development index is 0.52 and external debts rounding off to $50.1 billion. Strengths The economy of Pakistan is an agricultural country. It is an agricultural country based on agriculture, textile, services, remittances and cottage industry. The country has a great deal of potential to grow and become a better country in the world. The current rate of economic growth is 2% that has come down from 6.8% achieved during the period of 2006-2007. The last two decades has particularly seen the telecommunications industry to grow and boom throughout the country. Even geographically, Pakistan is given great importance. The country holds a great amount of natural resoursces. It has the best agricultural system. The country has four seasons. It has a great potential to expand its tourism department as it has one of the highest mountain ranges, coastlines and vast deserts. Weakness Despite all the potentials and strenghts, the country is suffering a great deal from its weaknesses. Every year a big portion of the budget goes towards defence and foreign debts. The rest of the budget that has to go towards the welfare of the country suffers from corruption which is one of the biggest threats to the countrys welfare. Another threat to the country is its lack of action to control terrorism that has weakened the roots of the country and has rocked its roots. The administration has lacked to provide essantial ways to better the the agriculture. The educational system has failed disasterously though the private institutes have boomed. But the administration has failed to provide education to poors. The country is currently suffering from providing ample amount of electricity and gas due to its lack of development in the sectors. Human Resource in Pakistan Pakistan has been in international news headlines for a variety of reasons other than for its human resource efforts. Observations suggest that increased international support and a reverse brain drain phenomenon continue to contribute to the HR efforts in Pakistan. There has been a significant increase in the application of HR at community, national, and regional levels (McLean et al. 2006). The November 2008 conference of the Academy of HR in Asia also intends to focus on the role of HR in sustainable development. Thus, it is important to examine HR not only in corporate, but also in government and social settings, especially in developing countries (Budhwani and McLean 2005). In Pakistan, HR is influenced by lack of funds and qualified HR staff. The government of Pakistan allocates a small amount of budget for HR activities (Aftab 2007). However, the nonprofit sector, a public-private partnership sector, seems to be more organized in its HR efforts.This paper sheds light on HR in Pakistan and how it can be developed by using local knowledge and international support and expertise. Pakistan came into being on 14 August 1947 and today we are struggling for sustainable development. Over the years Pakistan faced many challenges and the time of independence there were many genuine problems but 59 years were not less for developing and managing the human resource effectively. Now we are standing in a situation where our government setups have failed to deliver and achieve a level of excellence. The private local companies have HR department but not properly functional. The Army is a little organized but is over indulging in the areas that are not their domain .The multinational are better because they are following the same internatioally used management tools. The past practices can not be overlooked as they have created a bunch of unskilled qualified man power and unproductive organizations. The issues or problems in the human recourse management are in all the functions of HRM discipline:   Telenor Pakistan Telenor Pakistan, a wholly owned subsidiary of Telenor ASA, launched its operations in March 2005. One of the leading telecom operators providing prepaid, postpaid and value added services to seven million customers, Human resource at Telenor  Pakistan As a company, telenor has worked its way towards its product by providing a different approach and creativity. Their services and advertising campaigns were also not traditional. Telenor Pakistan has been able to exercise unconventional operations to achieve productivity with a high output. The company has always kept in mind to provide quality service and simplicity in the solutions. One of the greatest achievements of Telenor is great performance of its employees by providing them an environment like a home. The company exercises true equality towards its employees. There is no traditional way of communication rather the company exercises communications at all levels within their employees and providing all with equal priviliges. The employees dont have to be dressed formally unless they have to communicate to external people. Thus providing the employees an environment that is like a home. This is one of the greatest factors within the company that helps them achieve their levels of productivity by a great deal of contribution. Beside these, there are other techniques the company has adopted at Telenor Pakistan: Unique and very well structured Recruitment and Selection methods, driven by competency-based screening Separatem OrganizationalDevelopment (OD) function Revamping the human resource management division name with Human Capital Division (HCD) Unique Selection Recruitment Methods Regardless of the recruitment processes taking place at other companies. Telenor Pakistan has adopted and the conditions and is carrying out an unique recruitment process to get the most appropriate people to the positions vacant in the company. The recuritment in the company goes through a three level process that is foundation, development and growth. The recruitment process now gets even harder by not just looking at the high GPAs or prestigious degrees but by sensing the best personality with all the abilities required by the company to benefit its economic value. The company has rebranded its recruitment process from traditional human resourse management to Human Capital Division as it refers to the stock of skills and knowledge and the ability to perform labour. Conclusion: Telenor has not only initiated new concepts and world class human resource management techniques, but also with its on-campus recruitment seminars and the Telenor Alumni and Ambassador Programs, the company is always on the lookout to maximize its reach in terms of its outward orientation There is also an important point raised that Telenor provides 100% focus on talen as they say we hire for talent, and train for skills. Human resource practice in Telenor  Pakistan Habib Bank LTD Pakistan Habib Bank is the largest bank in Pakistan. It has over 1425 branches throughout Pakistan and 55 branches across the world. The company is referred to as HBL. The companys head quarters are at Habib Bank Plaza Karachi Pakistan. Habib bank continues to take strong hold in Pakistans domestic market with shares over 40%. The bank also dominates in providing loans to small industries and traders and agricultural loans to farmers. The bank also controls 55% of inward foreign remittances. Human Resource management structure: As with the HRM department of any other company. The HRM department of HBL is also very active and is considered to be the best in Pakistan. The structure of the bank from top to bottom is as: One President (CEO) has 10 Senior Executive Vice-Presidents. They in turn have 29 Executive Vice Presidents working under and 154 senior Vice Presidents. They inturn have 420 vice presidents and then 831 Assistant vice Presidents. They inturn have 2350 officers of Grade 1 working under them, 4108 officers of grade 2 work under them and 3364 officers of Grade 3 come under them. The next level has 10, 658 clerical/non-clerical employees. The total employees as per 1999 balance sheet is 23, 022.    Job Analysis: The procedure for determining the duties and skill requirements of a job and the kind of person who should be hired for it is called Job analysis. Job analysis is every important as job analysis information is used in Selecting and recruiting, compensation, performance appraisal, training and in resolving other issues which HBL faces. HBL takes Job analysis services from Sidat Hyder Morshed Association (SHMA) which is the biggest HR consulting firm in Pakistan. The methods which are used in collecting job analysis information are The interview Questionnaires The Interview for job analysis: Interview is a big source in collecting information in the job analysis. Individual employees, group of employees and supervisors with vast knowledge about jobs are interviewed. The format of interview is Structured and unstructured. In structured interview a set of sequence of questions are followed by interviewers and in unstructured type of interview the interviewer pursues points of interest as they come up in response to questions. Questionnaires: In questionnaire the employees solve the fill out questionnaires to describe their job-related duties and responsibilities. The formats of questionnaires are either structured or open ended. Conclusion The telecom sector has been in boom recenlty in Pakistan, one of the basic reason for the success was the economy of Pakistan,as because of cheap labour the telecom sector was able to provide cheap services to masses. The second reason for success was growing market as the telecom sector was very new in begining of 2000. The main success of Habib Bank Limited was the fact that over the years retail banking was unexplored, till early 2000. Good governance by State bank of Pakistan was another reason for this success. As skilled labour was avaiable at lower cost which made it much easier to the banking sector to grow.

Identity and Violence Analysis Essay -- recognition,

Identity and Violence may seem isolated from each other on a superficial level, but on a deeper analysis both seem to depend on each other. To put in a different way, just as long-stagnant water can give birth to deadly mosquitoes, similarly a logged and rigid definition of identity may lead to violence which could be similar to Aedes. To briefly explain this analogy it’s essential to refer to Charles Taylor who argued that identity is shaped in three ways:- 1) Recognition of identity 2) Absence of identity 3) Misrecognition of identity. All three modes of shaping identity have the potential to bring out violence which is latent. Here, Sigmund Freud’s idea of human instincts being of two kinds: those that conserve and unify and, the instincts to destroy and kill is very significant. These instincts work according to the motive, when individual works for their ‘motive’ that is of shaping the identity leads to use of violent means and ends mostly. Our presentation will include Terrell A. Northup idea of identity as a system of beliefs or a way of construing the world that makes life predictable rather than random. This way, he conceptualizes that social constructs of an identity become so entrenched that the conflict surfaces as violence. The identity first takes the form of threat, which later gets distorted and extremely rigid and ultimately colludes in maintaining the conflict. Thus, it can be said that, identity is central; almost core to individuals and their sense of connectedness to themselves and the society-scope they engage in. Kriesberg examines how there is a formation of not only one's own, but also a sense of identity of the other, which further reinforces the self. Though identities can be both 'ascribed' a... ...llows that the intervention is contingent on the identity dynamics of the groups involved. For instance, peripheral would limit itself to the objective component. Similarly, change in the dynamics of the relationship between parties,will not change the core schema, but alter the nature of the existing relationship between parties. This carries connotations of a relatively enduring change. Changes that occur in the identities of the parties are aimed at reconstructing the core schema, in this case, the perception of ‘us’ and ‘them’. Such would be the case if the Israeli State recognizes the Palestinian State as an equal and de-emphasizes the differences between the two. This level implies a change approximating utopia. The introduction of super ordinate goals establishes a commonality between the groups, forcing them to acknowledge the ‘other’ as more like ‘self’.